CVE-2023-0147 : Vulnerability Insights and Analysis

This CVE, assigned by WPScan, involves a vulnerability in the Flexible Captcha WordPress plugin version 4.1 and below that could allow users with contributor-level access and above to execute Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks.

Understanding CVE-2023-0147

This section delves into the details of CVE-2023-0147, shedding light on what it entails and its potential impact.

What is CVE-2023-0147?

CVE-2023-0147 specifically pertains to a Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability found in the Flexible Captcha WordPress plugin versions 4.1 and below. Due to inadequate validation and escaping of certain shortcode attributes, users with contributor roles and higher can exploit this flaw to launch XSS attacks.

The Impact of CVE-2023-0147

The impact of this CVE is significant as it opens the door for malicious contributors or higher-level users to inject and execute malicious scripts on pages or posts where the plugin's shortcode is present. This could lead to various nefarious activities, including data theft, unauthorized actions, and website defacement.

Technical Details of CVE-2023-0147

In this section, we will delve into the technical aspects of CVE-2023-0147, including vulnerability description, affected systems and versions, and the exploitation mechanism.

Vulnerability Description

The vulnerability arises from the Flexible Captcha WordPress plugin failing to properly validate and escape certain shortcode attributes. This oversight enables unauthorized users to insert malicious scripts into pages or posts where the affected shortcode is utilized.

Affected Systems and Versions

The vulnerability impacts all versions of the Flexible Captcha plugin up to and including version 4.1. Users operating these versions are at risk of exploitation by individuals with contributor-level access or higher.

Exploitation Mechanism

By exploiting the lack of validation and escaping of shortcode attributes, contributors and above can craft malicious payloads embedded within the plugin's shortcode. When displayed on a page or post, these payloads execute, enabling XSS attacks.

Mitigation and Prevention

As a site owner or administrator, taking immediate steps and implementing long-term security practices is crucial to mitigate the risks posed by CVE-2023-0147.

Immediate Steps to Take

Upgrade: Ensure the Flexible Captcha plugin is updated to the latest patched version to address the vulnerability.
Restrict User Permissions: Limit user roles to minimize the impact of potential exploit attempts.
Monitor for Suspicious Activity: Regularly monitor your site for any signs of unauthorized changes or malicious scripts.

Long-Term Security Practices

Regular Security Audits: Conduct routine security audits to identify and address vulnerabilities promptly.
Employee Training: Educate users with elevated permissions on best security practices to prevent XSS and other attacks.
Implement Web Application Firewalls (WAF): WAFs can help detect and block malicious traffic attempting to exploit vulnerabilities like XSS.

Patching and Updates

Stay vigilant and prioritize applying patches and updates to all plugins, themes, and platforms regularly. By keeping software up-to-date, you reduce the likelihood of falling victim to known vulnerabilities like the one described in CVE-2023-0147.