CVE-2023-25121 Explained : Impact and Mitigation

This CVE-2023-25121 article provides insights into a buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5, highlighting the potential risks and impacts associated with this security issue.

Understanding CVE-2023-25121

CVE-2023-25121 refers to multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities discovered in the vtysh_ubus binary of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5. The vulnerability arises due to the utilization of an unsafe sprintf pattern, which can be exploited via a specially crafted HTTP request to execute arbitrary code. Attackers with elevated privileges can exploit these vulnerabilities by sending malicious HTTP requests, particularly within the set_ike_profile function involving the secrets_local variable.

What is CVE-2023-25121?

The CVE-2023-25121 vulnerability involves stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121), allowing attackers to manipulate the memory boundaries of the affected system, potentially leading to unauthorized code execution and compromising system integrity.

The Impact of CVE-2023-25121

With a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.2 (High Severity), this vulnerability poses significant risks to affected systems. The impact includes high confidentiality, integrity, and availability concerns, making it crucial to address promptly to mitigate potential exploitation.

Technical Details of CVE-2023-25121

The following technical details outline the nature of the vulnerability, affected systems, and possible exploitation methods:

Vulnerability Description

The vulnerability stems from the improper handling of user input in the vtysh_ubus binary, resulting in buffer overflow occurrences within the set_ike_profile function. This can be exploited through crafted HTTP requests, enabling attackers to execute arbitrary code within the context of the vulnerable application.

Affected Systems and Versions

The vulnerability affects Milesight UR32L devices running version v32.3.0.5. Users with this specific configuration are at risk of exploitation if proper security measures are not implemented promptly.

Exploitation Mechanism

By sending specially crafted HTTP requests to the affected application, attackers can trigger buffer overflow conditions, leading to the execution of arbitrary code with elevated privileges. This exploitation method underscores the critical need for vulnerability remediation.

Mitigation and Prevention

To address the CVE-2023-25121 vulnerability and enhance system security, organizations and users are advised to take the following steps:

Immediate Steps to Take

Implement an immediate security patch or update provided by Milesight to address the buffer overflow vulnerabilities in UR32L v32.3.0.5.
Restrict network access to vulnerable devices and employ firewall rules to block malicious traffic targeting the affected systems.

Long-Term Security Practices

Regularly update and patch all software and firmware to address security vulnerabilities promptly.
Conduct routine security assessments and penetration testing to identify and mitigate potential security risks within the infrastructure.
Enhance network security measures, including access control, intrusion detection systems, and network segmentation, to prevent unauthorized access and ensure a robust security posture.

Patching and Updates

Stay informed about security advisories and patches released by the vendor, and promptly apply updates to mitigate known vulnerabilities and enhance system security against potential threats. Regularly monitor and assess the security posture of the organization to proactively address emerging security issues and safeguard sensitive data and assets.