CWE-361: Seven Pernicious Kingdoms - Time and State Handling Vulnerability

This particular group belongs to the Seven Pernicious Kingdoms vulnerability classification, representing weaknesses associated with the inadequate handling of time and state in an environment that enables simultaneous or nearly simultaneous computation by multiple systems, processes, or threads. According to the Seven Pernicious Kingdoms authors, "Distributed computation revolves around the concepts of time and state. In order for multiple components to communicate, they must share state, which inevitably takes time. Many programmers tend to humanize their work, envisioning one thread of control executing the entire program as they would if they were performing the task themselves. However, modern computers swiftly switch between tasks, and in systems with multiple cores, CPUs, or distributed setups, events may occur at precisely the same moment. Defects arise from the discrepancy between the programmer's perception of how a program runs and the actual reality. These defects are tied to unexpected interactions among threads, processes, time, and information, which occur through the sharing of state—such as semaphores, variables, the file system, and essentially anything capable of storing information."